Hematologic, Immunologic, and Neoplastic Disorders Practice Test

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• Prolonged anemia in pediatric patients may present with which combination?
• Which laboratory test most directly assesses the extrinsic coagulation pathway?
• Name two major beta/thalassemia types and typical geographic prevalence.
• Graft-versus-host disease: what is it and which transplant setting carries the highest risk?
• A patient has microcytic anemia with low ferritin and high TIBC. What is the most likely diagnosis and first-line treatment?
• A common skin complication seen in sickle cell disease is which of the following?
• Ewing sarcoma can occur in any bone; usually the femur; what are typical presenting features?
• Which statement accurately describes the inheritance of hemophilia A and B?
• What is the normal hematocrit range?
• DIC is defined as what, and name two common triggers?
• RBC levels decline to approximately what range by 2-3 months of age?
• In a 10-year-old with Hemophilia A who has not received factor for a year and experiences head trauma, which complication is most likely?
• In managing a child with sickle cell disease, which therapy would you include?
• Which coagulation test is typically prolonged in hemophilia?
• Iron studies pattern in iron deficiency anemia shows which combination?
• Flow cytometry in leukemia/lymphoma classification primarily provides immunophenotyping to identify which of the following?
• Which statement about clotting factor levels in infancy is true?
• Hyperviscosity syndrome in Waldenström macroglobulinemia is most commonly due to which immunoglobulin?
• Which assessment should be avoided if Wilms tumor is suspected?
• Which infection-control practice is appropriate for a leukemia patient to reduce infection risk?
• A 60-year-old presents with fatigue and macrocytic anemia with hypersegmented neutrophils. What is the most likely deficiency and the initial confirmatory test?
• How does the Lugano staging system differ from Ann Arbor for lymphomas?
• What is the normal hematocrit range?
• CAR-T cell therapy: concept and approved indications.
• Which finding is common in iron deficiency anemia?
• What defines the Ann Arbor staging A vs B in lymphoma?
• Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of thrombocytopenia in a child?
• For PRBC transfusion, which action is appropriate when starting the transfusion?
• Which feature distinguishes Hodgkin lymphoma from most non-Hodgkin lymphomas?
• Which drug is a BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in CML?
• During neutropenic precautions, what is the best response to a visitor bringing garden flowers?
• Which finding is most characteristic of aplastic anemia?
• Normal prothrombin time (PT) range?
• What happens to the red blood cell count after the newborn begins breathing air?
• During a vaso-occlusive crisis in a child with sickle cell disease, which intervention most improves tissue perfusion?
• Which statement about absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is true?
• Beta-thalassemia is most commonly found in which regions?
• Spleen involvement in sickle cell disease is characterized by infarcts leading to fibrosis and increased infection risk. Which option reflects this description?
• Explain the mechanism and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
• In sickle cell disease, which organ and finding is described by infarcts leading to fibrosis and increased infection risk?
• Which symptom would you most likely report in a child with a suspected cancer diagnosis?
• In a splenic sequestration crisis, what happens to the blood?
• Which statement correctly describes initial management of tumor lysis syndrome?
• During a well-child exam, a 3-year-old girl with known hearing loss and developmental delays lives in an old house with copper pipes and chipped paint. She reports abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and headaches. What condition is suspected?
• In early life, when is the WBC count highest?
• Acute chest syndrome is a serious complication most commonly seen in which disorder?
• In anemia, which test result would typically be decreased?
• In suspected vitamin B12 deficiency, which additional lab finding supports the diagnosis besides low serum B12?
• Immune thrombocytopenia commonly presents after which event?
• An older child with immunodeficiency and oral candidiasis is most concerning for which diagnosis?
• Vitamin K is required for synthesis of which clotting factors?
• In thrombocytopenia, what is the typical prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold?
• The therapeutic management of children with sickle cell disease primarily consists of which of the following?
• What is the best initial nursing action when a child with Hemophilia A presents with a concussion?
• What is the hallmark serum protein electrophoresis finding in multiple myeloma?
• Which statement correctly identifies the interpretation of an ANC of 480 cells/µL?
• Which statement about hemophilia care is true?
• In infants, cow's milk should be limited until at least what age?
• Which statement about tumor lysis syndrome pathophysiology is NOT true?
• Priapism in sickle cell disease is an emergency because it can cause tissue damage due to microcirculatory obstruction. Which statement is true?
• Doug, 12, experiences frequent nosebleeds, easy bruising, and blood in the urine; his parents discourage him from contact sports due to his condition. Which disorder best explains his symptoms?
• In addition to bone pain, which symptom is commonly reported with Ewing sarcoma?
• What is a core component of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treatment?
• CAR-T cell therapy typically targets which B-cell antigen?
• Which immunophenotype is characteristic of CLL?
• Ewing sarcoma most commonly involves which bone?
• Which diagnostic procedure is used to obtain cerebrospinal fluid in leukemia evaluation?
• In Lugano staging, which imaging modality is used for response assessment?
• What are the two major categories of lymphoma and a hallmark difference between them?
• Which condition is most commonly evaluated by ferritin levels as an indicator?
• Which tests assess the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of coagulation, respectively?
• Which statement about the role of PET-CT in lymphoma response assessment is true?
• How do ferritin and transferrin saturation help distinguish anemia of chronic disease from iron deficiency anemia?
• What is an appropriate approach when preparing a child for a bone marrow aspiration?
• Which targeted therapy is used to treat CML by inhibiting BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase?
• Iron studies in anemia of chronic disease show which pattern?
• For administering liquid oral iron to a child, which method is recommended to avoid staining the teeth?
• ABO transfusion incompatibility: typical reaction timing and presentation?
• Which nursing action is appropriate for a child with thrombocytopenia?
• In sickle cell disease, cerebrovascular accidents involve which organ primarily?
• Alpha-thalassemia is most commonly found in which geographic regions?
• What is the normal hemoglobin range?
• During chemotherapy administration for leukemia, which action is appropriate?
• Adult hematologic levels for RBCs are reached during which period?
• Which of the following is a common sign of iron deficiency anemia in infants?
• Waldenström macroglobulinemia hallmark and its clinical consequence is best described as which of the following?
• Which of the following lists common bleeding manifestations in ITP?
• Vaccination considerations for immunocompromised patients and household contacts are best described as:
• Tonya is a 16-year-old African American girl with pain in both hands, chest pain, fever, and moderate respiratory distress; she is receiving IV hydration and hydroxyurea. Which disorder does she most likely have?
• The nurse calculates the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) using Band percent plus Seg percent times total WBC. If the CBC shows WBC 1.5 x 10^3/µL with bands 3% and seg 29%, what is the ANC and classification?
• Common adverse effects of alkylating chemotherapeutic agents.
• Vaccines in immunocompromised patients: which vaccines are contraindicated?
• What is the classic triad of acute graft-versus-host disease manifestations?
• By about how long do WBC counts stabilize after birth?
• Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction vs acute hemolytic transfusion reaction: distinguishing features.
• During rounds, a pediatric patient awaiting a bone marrow biopsy has a low reticulocyte count and thrombocytopenia. Which diagnosis is most consistent with these findings?
• Where is hematopoiesis occurring at birth?
• Features of X-linked agammaglobulinemia: which immunoglobulins are reduced and typical age of presentation?
• Which laboratory finding is most associated with acute intravascular transfusion reaction?
• Which statement is true regarding iron deficiency anemia management in infants?
• Platelet transfusion refractoriness is most commonly due to what?
• Which laboratory finding will be abnormal in a child with hemophilia?
• Which finding may be present in Wilms tumor?
• In the leukemia diagnostic process, which action is appropriate to include?
• Hyperviscosity symptoms in this disorder can include which of the following? (Choose the best specific symptom listed)
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is best described as what?
• Normal thrombin time (TT) range?
• What is the normal range for red blood cell count in a healthy child?
• WBC counts decline after how many hours post-birth?
• A 4-year-old with a swollen abdomen and good appetite is most likely to have which diagnosis?
• Which presentation is typical for Hodgkin lymphoma in a adolescent?
• Which agent is an alternative to allopurinol for uric acid control in tumor lysis syndrome?
• Which item is commonly addressed in post-operative education for osteosarcoma?
• What is von Willebrand disease and how is it diagnosed?
• In managing sickle cell disease, which measure is central to reducing crises?
• Aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease is typically triggered by which factor?
• Normal activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) range?
• Rituximab: target and a major infection risk.
• In immune thrombocytopenia, platelets are typically less than which value?
• HIV infection progression and impact of antiretroviral therapy.
• Which statement describes iron deficiency anemia treatment?
• Which is a common symptom of anemia in children?
• Which intervention is commonly used in the care of a child with sickle cell disease?
• Five-year-old Roxy presents with failure to thrive, lymphadenopathy, oral candidiasis, and diarrhea. Which diagnosis best fits these findings?
• Which statement best differentiates acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
• What is the normal platelet count range?
• MGUS vs smoldering myeloma: which statement is correct?
• Which statement describes the typical presentation and immunophenotype of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) compared with small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)?
• Which renal manifestations are typical of sickle cell disease?
• In sickle cell disease, which ocular complication is commonly observed?
• Reticulocyte production index interpretation in anemia states which of the following is correct?
• Which statement best defines anemia?
• What is the first-line therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma?
• Which of the following is NOT a typical presenting finding in hemophilia?
• Sickle cell disease pathophysiology: what mutation and what is the most common acute hospitalization cause in adults?
• Jenai was bitten by a tick and now has petechiae, blood in the stool, and spontaneous nosebleeds; labs show a decreased platelet count. Which disorder is most likely?
• Which biomarkers are used in staging myeloma with the ISS system?
• Which finding supports increased intracranial pressure in an adolescent with head injury?
• For splenic sequestration crisis in sickle cell disease, which treatment is listed?
• Which description best captures bone involvement in sickle cell disease?
• A patient with bone pain, anemia, and renal impairment has an M-protein spike on SPEP. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which of the following is a CRAB feature of multiple myeloma?
• A 30-year-old presents with pallor, fatigue, pancytopenia, and a hypocellular bone marrow. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• In severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), what is the major immunologic defect and the standard treatment approach?
• Reed-Sternberg cells on biopsy are characteristic of which lymphoma?
• Which care practice would you anticipate when planning the shift for a child with leukemia?
• In caring for a child with hemophilia, which history finding would you expect?
• Which sport should be encouraged for safe participation after stabilization of a patient with Hemophilia A?
• A 12-month-old presents with poor muscle tone, irritability, concave nailbeds, and edema. Which disorder is most consistent with these findings?
• Which tumor markers are associated with pancreatic and ovarian cancers?
• During a PRBC transfusion, which monitoring step is recommended in the first minutes of the infusion?
• Normal fibrinogen range?
• M-spike on serum protein electrophoresis indicates which type of disease?
• Differentiate PT/INR and aPTT in terms of pathways assessed and clinical uses?
• In SCID, which lymphocyte development is defective?
• What is the priority nursing care for this patient with Hemophilia A presenting with head trauma?
• Which of the following is a non-CRAB feature in plasma cell disorders?
• Koilonychia (concave nailbeds) is a classic sign of which condition in children?
• Which leukemia is most common in children?
• Which condition is characterized by pancytopenia with hypocellular bone marrow?
• Which factors place this patient at increased risk for injury?
• Which chromosomal translocation is characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia?
• Which practice supports activity tolerance in a child with sickle cell disease?
• Which presentation signs are typical in leukemia?
• Imatinib: mechanism and primary indication.
• What is a recognized strategy to reduce painful crises in sickle cell disease?
• Which triad best describes extremity symptoms in sickle cell disease?
• In chronic myeloid leukemia, which translocation is characteristic and what drug targets it?
• Which of the following is a precipitating factor for a sickle cell crisis?
• Which laboratory pattern indicates hemolysis with intravascular involvement (low haptoglobin, high LDH, high indirect bilirubin, reticulocytosis)?
• Which of the following conditions is NOT listed as a chronic disease causing anemia?
• What is the Lugano classification used for?
• Auer rods are associated with which leukemia and what do they indicate?
• What cells are pathognomonic on biopsy for Hodgkin lymphoma?
• Which statement best describes the role of hydration in preventing crises in sickle cell disease?